Fly Protection for Horses: The Best Tips for Pasture, Stable & Hacking Out

Why is fly protection so important for horses?

As temperatures rise, peak season for flies, horseflies, and mosquitoes begins—and with it a real challenge for horses. These insects aren’t just annoying; they can also cause serious health problems. While flies relentlessly swarm around eyes, nostrils, and wounds—spreading germs in the process—horseflies leave painful bite wounds that not only itch intensely but can also trigger allergic reactions. Mosquitoes are particularly problematic, as they play a key role in the development of sweet itch. The saliva of these insects can cause an allergic reaction in sensitive horses, leading to severe itching, hair loss, and open sores—a vicious cycle that puts a heavy strain on the affected horse.

🎥 Video tip: In the USEF Learning Center powered by ClipMyHorse.TV, Hope Hobday Glynn explains how smart stable management, proper waste disposal, and targeted measures such as fly barriers and traps can help keep insects away—for a relaxed, comfortable stable environment!

But it’s not only the skin that suffers from the insect nuisance—horses’ behaviour can change as well. Constant stress from flies and the like causes many horses to become restless, toss their heads, or scratch themselves continually. This can disrupt resting times and also affect feed intake. Horses that can hardly focus on eating often consume less, which can lead to weight loss or digestive issues. Insects can also be a danger when riding: if a horse is bitten by a horsefly, it may bolt suddenly or react in panic—posing a significant risk to both horse and rider.

Well-planned fly protection is therefore far more than a comfort measure—it is essential for keeping horses healthy, relaxed, and able to perform during the warm season. Which insects pose the greatest threat and how you can protect your horse effectively is covered in the next section.

Which insects pose the biggest danger to horses?

As soon as temperatures rise, horses are no longer alone out in the pasture—flies, horseflies, and mosquitoes become constant companions. But these pests aren’t just irritating: they can transmit diseases, trigger allergic reactions, and significantly impact a horse’s wellbeing. Depending on the type of insect, the risks they bring vary.

Horseflies – the blood-sucking pests

Horseflies are among the most aggressive insects that bother horses in summer. Unlike mosquitoes, they don’t puncture the skin—they slice it open with sharp mouthparts to reach the blood. This makes their bites not only particularly painful, but also potentially dangerous: pathogens and bacteria can enter the body through the open wound. Many horses also react allergically to horsefly saliva, which can cause severe swelling and inflamed skin.

Horseflies are especially active on hot, humid days and near bodies of water, where they tend to congregate. Their bites are not only unpleasant, but can also send horses into panic. A horse suddenly bolting or reacting violently while being ridden can quickly become dangerous.

Flies – not just annoying, but also disease carriers

Flies are everywhere—and often underestimated. They prefer to land on eyes, nostrils, or wounds and can transmit bacteria and pathogens. Eye flies are particularly problematic: they feed on tear fluid and can trigger conjunctivitis. Open wounds are also a common target, increasing the risk of infection.

Another issue is bot flies, whose larvae develop inside the horse. They lay their eggs on the coat, which the horse then ingests through licking or rubbing. In the digestive tract, the eggs develop into larvae that can damage the stomach lining and lead to digestive problems.

Constant harassment by flies can also lead to prolonged stress. Horses become restless, swish their tails, or repeatedly stamp their hooves—clear signs of heavy insect pressure.

Mosquitoes – an underestimated threat for horses with sweet itch

Mosquitoes may be small, but their impact can be enormous—especially for horses suffering from sweet itch. An allergic reaction to the saliva of certain mosquito species, particularly black flies, triggers extreme itching. Horses often rub themselves until the skin breaks, leading to open, inflamed sores that are slow to heal.

Beyond the risk for sweet-itch horses, mosquitoes can also transmit diseases. In some regions, mosquito bites can spread viruses and bacteria that may cause serious infections.

Mosquitoes are most active at dawn and dusk, which is why pasture-kept horses are especially exposed in the early morning and evening. Damp areas, standing water, or marshy meadows attract them even more.

Fly Protection in the Pasture – How to Keep Your Horse Protected

So that horses can eat undisturbed, rest, and move around calmly, effective fly protection in the pasture is essential. Alongside well-planned pasture management, specially designed fly sheets, sweet-itch rugs, and fly masks help protect horses from these pesky insects.

Pasture management: the right location and proper maintenance

The basis for effective fly protection starts with pasture care. Flies, horseflies, and mosquitoes prefer damp, shady areas as well as manure and water spots as breeding grounds. A well-maintained pasture can significantly reduce the number of insects.

Fly sheets & sweet-itch rugs: when are they useful?

Alongside pasture care, fly sheets and sweet-itch rugs are among the most effective protective measures. However, depending on your horse’s needs and sensitivity, there can be major differences between models.

🎥Video tip:In the USEF Learning Center powered by ClipMyHorse.TV, Hope Hobday Glynn explains how fly sheets, masks, and fly boots protect your horse from irritating insects—and what to look for when choosing the right gear.

Fly sheets – protection from flies and horseflies

Fly sheets for horses are made from lightweight, breathable fabric and prevent flies, horseflies, or mosquitoes from coming into direct contact with the skin. They are a sensible alternative to insect sprays, especially on hot days, as they protect the horse mechanically without putting additional strain on the skin.

What types of fly sheets are available?

• Standard fly sheet: Lightweight, full-body protection against flies and horseflies.
• Fly sheet with neck cover: Also protects the sensitive neck area.
• Fly sheet with belly flap: Ideal for horses that are especially prone to horsefly bites on the belly.
• Fly riding sheet: Designed specifically for riding, to protect the horse from insects while out and about.
• Trail fly sheet: A version optimised for long hacks, fitting closely without restricting freedom of movement.

Fly sheets are ideal for horses that are sensitive to flies or can no longer relax due to constant irritation.

Sweet-itch rugs – protection for sensitive horses

Horses that suffer from sweet itch need especially comprehensive protection. A sweet-itch rug prevents direct contact between the skin and insects, helping to avoid allergic reactions to mosquito bites.

When is a sweet-itch rug useful?

• For horses that are allergic to mosquito bites
• In regions with a high mosquito population
• For horses with sensitive skin or existing skin irritation

What types of sweet-itch rugs are available?

• Sweet-itch rug with headpiece: Also protects the neck and head area.
• Sweet-itch rug for draft horses or ponies: Available in special sizes to ensure an optimal fit.
• Sweet-itch rug with belly flap: Provides extra protection for the sensitive belly region.
• Plera sweet-itch rug: A high-quality model with particularly fine-mesh fabric.

Difference between a fly sheet and a sweet-itch rug

• Fly sheets are lighter and primarily protect against flies and horseflies.
• Sweet-itch rugs are more tightly woven and specifically designed for horses with allergic reactions to mosquito bites.

Fly masks with ear and nose protection

Flies, horseflies, and mosquitoes bother horses особенно around the head. A fly mask for horses protects the eyes, ears, and nostrils, helps prevent infections, and reduces stress caused by constant head tossing.

When is a fly mask useful?

• When there is a high fly pressure around the eyes and ears
• To help prevent conjunctivitis
• When riding, so the horse’s concentration isn’t affected

What types of fly masks are available?

• Fly mask with UV protection: Also provides protection from the sun.
• Fly mask with ear covers: Especially suitable for horses that are sensitive to insects in the ears.
• Fly mask with nose protection: Helps keep flies and dust away from the nostrils.
• Fly mask for riding: A thinner, close-fitting version that can be worn under the bridle.
• Fly fringe mask: Natural protection thanks to moving fringes that help deter flies.

High-quality models offer added comfort and durability.

The right protection for every horse

Effective fly protection in the pasture usually combines several measures:

• Pasture management to minimise insect sources
• Fly sheets or sweet-itch rugs, depending on the horse’s needs
• Fly masks to protect sensitive facial areas

By combining these protective measures, horses can stay relaxed and healthy throughout the warm season.

Fly protection in the stable – what you can do

Not only out in the pasture, but also in the stable, flies and other insects can become a real nuisance. Especially during the summer months, when heat and humidity build up, fly populations can multiply rapidly. Well-planned stable management helps reduce the number of insects and provides horses with a calmer environment.

🎥Video tip :In the USEF Learning Center powered by ClipMyHorse.TV, you’ll learn how targeted manure removal, controlling water sources, and using fly traps can help prevent insect infestations in the stable effectively.

Stable hygiene: cleanliness is the key to success

Consistent stable hygiene is the most important measure for keeping flies away. Flies are especially attracted to manure, leftover feed, and damp areas that provide ideal breeding conditions.

• Daily mucking out: Manure should be removed from stalls at least once—ideally twice—per day. Droppings in paddocks or open barns should also be cleared regularly.
• Manure and slurry storage: Manure should be stored away from the stable area and removed regularly or covered to prevent flies from laying eggs.
• Dispose of leftover feed: Especially wet feed such as mash or soaked rations should not be left standing uncovered, as it ferments quickly and attracts insects.
• Keep waterers and buckets clean: Standing water is a breeding ground for mosquito larvae. Waterers should be cleaned and emptied regularly.

Using fly traps and natural enemies

Mechanical and biological methods can help reduce the number of flies in the stable. For best results, it’s worth combining several different measures.

Fly traps can be placed in stalls, open barns, or near feeding areas to catch insects in a targeted way. UV light traps are especially effective, as they attract flies and eliminate them reliably. For long-term reduction of the fly population, parasitoid wasps are a useful measure. These beneficial insects lay their eggs in fly pupae, preventing the flies from developing.

Ventilation and lighting: how to keep pests away

A well-ventilated stable isn’t only important for a healthy stable climate—it can also help reduce fly pressure.

• Ensure sufficient airflow: Open windows, opportunities for a through-draught, and fans make it harder for flies to settle.
• Optimise lighting conditions: Flies avoid dark areas. If possible, windows should be shaded or fitted with fly screens to make access more difficult for insects.
• Natural fly deterrence through air movement: Windy areas are unpleasant for flies, so fans or air inlets can be used strategically.

Combined with stable hygiene and targeted control measures, good airflow and smart light management help keep flies from becoming a problem in the first place.

Effective fly protection in the stable is made up of several components. Cleanliness is the most important factor, complemented by mechanical methods such as fly traps and biological solutions such as beneficial insects. Good air circulation and targeted light management provide additional support in reducing flies effectively.

Fly protection while riding – relaxed on the go

When riding, flies, horseflies, and mosquitoes can be extremely irritating for both horse and rider. Effective fly protection is therefore essential to ensure a relaxed hack. Below are various protective measures that can be used while riding.

Fly riding sheets – protection on a hack

Fly riding sheets are specifically designed for use while riding. They are made from lightweight, breathable material and protect the horse from irritating insects without restricting freedom of movement.

Benefits of fly riding sheets:

• Comprehensive protection: Cover most of the horse’s body and help prevent insect bites.
• Freedom of movement: A special cut allows unrestricted movement while riding.
• Fastening: Easy to attach under the saddle or to the bridle.

Recommended models:

• Standard fly riding sheet: Provides basic protection for the back and flanks.
• Fly riding sheet with neck cover: Also protects the neck area from insects.
• Fly riding sheet with belly flap: Covers the sensitive belly area as well.

When choosing a fly riding sheet, make sure it fits well and is made from high-quality materials to ensure optimal protection and comfort for the horse.

Fly sprays for horses – which active ingredients help?

Fly sprays are an effective way to protect horses from insects. They work either as a repellent, which deters insects, or as an insecticide, which kills them. Choosing the right spray depends on various factors, including the horse’s sensitivity and the intensity of insect pressure.

🎥 Video tip: Learn how to gently accustom your horse to spray bottles and convince it step by step that spraying is completely harmless—for relaxed grooming and fly-spray moments.

Mosquito protection for horse and rider

Not only horses but riders, too, are exposed to mosquitoes and other insects while hacking out. Effective mosquito protection for both is therefore recommended.

Tips for mosquito protection:

For the horse:

• Fly sprays: Apply before the ride to help keep mosquitoes away.
• Fly masks: Protect the horse’s head from insects.
• Fly riding sheets: Provide comprehensive protection while riding.

For the rider:

• Insect repellent sprays: Apply to skin and clothing to avoid mosquito bites.
• Long clothing: Lightweight long-sleeved shirts and trousers provide physical protection.
• Light colours: Mosquitoes are less attracted to light colours.

By combining these measures, both horse and rider can enjoy a hack without being bothered by insects.

Which natural remedies help against insects?

Not every horse owner wants to rely on chemical fly repellents. Sensitive horses in particular can react to certain ingredients in sprays or creams. Fortunately, there are many natural alternatives that can help keep insects at bay. From essential oils and herbs to home remedies such as apple cider vinegar or garlic—some of these methods have proven to be quite effective.

Essential oils and herbs – which ones really work?

Essential oils are known for their insect-repelling effect. They contain scents that flies, mosquitoes, and horseflies tend to avoid. Combined with a carrier oil or diluted water, they can be applied as a natural fly repellent to the horse’s coat.

Effective essential oils against flies:

• Lavender oil: Has a calming effect and helps keep insects away.
• Tea tree oil: Repels flies and horseflies, but is not suitable for sensitive horses.
• Lemongrass oil: Known for its strong insect-repelling effect.
• Eucalyptus oil: Helps against flies and also provides a pleasant cooling effect.
• Clove oil: Particularly effective against mosquitoes and horseflies.

• Garlic: May help alter the horse’s natural body scent, making it less attractive to flies.
• Black seed (black cumin): Thought to support the immune system and may have an insect-repelling effect.
• Rock rose (Cistus): Often used as a feed supplement to make the horse less appealing to insects.

Home remedies: apple cider vinegar, garlic & more

Besides essential oils, there are a few tried-and-tested home remedies that have become established as natural insect deterrents.

💡 Note: Not all home remedies are suitable for every horse. Before using them, test whether your horse is sensitive to certain ingredients.

DIY fly spray for horses – natural protection against flies & horseflies

How can you make fly spray for horses yourself? A homemade fly spray is a natural alternative to commercial products and can be tailored to your horse’s individual needs. Here’s a simple but effective recipe that can be made with just a few ingredients.

Application

Spray the fly spray evenly onto the coat from a distance of around 30 cm, avoiding the head and eye area.
For sensitive areas around the head, apply the spray to a cloth and gently distribute it.
Use before riding or turnout and reapply as needed.

💡 Tip: This spray is water-based and doesn’t last as long as synthetic insect sprays. On hot days, it should be reapplied several times a day.

Some horses are sensitive to essential oils. Before first use, test the spray on a small patch of skin. If redness or itching occurs, stop using it immediately.

This DIY fly spray makes it possible to avoid chemical additives without sacrificing effective protection.

The best fly protection for your horse

Effective fly protection is based on a combination of different measures. There isn’t one single solution that will completely keep flies, horseflies, and mosquitoes away—what matters is a holistic approach.

Preventive measures:

• Optimise stable hygiene and use fly traps strategically
• Improve pasture management to reduce insect breeding sites
• Use fly sheets, sweet-itch rugs, and fly masks

Active protection methods:

• Use high-quality fly sprays with effective active ingredients
• Try natural alternatives such as essential oils or home remedies
• Rinse horses regularly to reduce sweat odour

Fly protection isn’t a one-off topic—it requires ongoing adjustment to the season and to your horse’s individual needs. By combining different methods, you can significantly reduce insect pressure and help your horse enjoy a stress-free summer.

Fly Protection for Horses: The Most Important Questions and Answers

When does a horse need a fly mask?

A fly mask is especially useful when flies and other insects heavily bother the horse around the head. It protects sensitive eyes from irritation and can help prevent conjunctivitis. Horses with light-coloured or sensitive eyes that are prone to sunlight can also benefit from a fly mask with UV protection.

When should you put a fly sheet on a horse?

A fly sheet is recommended if the horse is sensitive to insects, exposed to heavy fly or horsefly pressure, or clearly bothered by insects. A fly sheet with a neck cover and belly flap is particularly useful if the horse is being bitten over large areas. Fly riding sheets are designed specifically for protection while riding.

Why does a horse need a fly sheet?

A fly sheet protects against insect bites, reduces stress, and can help prevent skin irritation. Horses with sweet itch or sensitive skin benefit especially from a fine-mesh rug. It prevents horseflies and mosquitoes from coming into direct contact with the skin without overheating the horse.

Which fly spray really works for horses?

An effective fly spray should either have a strong repellent effect or keep flies and horseflies away reliably. Sprays containing icaridin, pyrethroids, or natural oils such as lemongrass or lavender have proven particularly useful. It’s important to apply the spray evenly and regularly, as the effect wears off over time.

What is the best insect spray for horses?

There isn’t one single “best” spray, as effectiveness varies depending on the environment, the type of horse, and the insect pressure. Products with icaridin are considered especially effective and skin-friendly. If you prefer natural alternatives, sprays with essential oils or black seed oil can be an option. The best approach is to try different products and observe how your horse responds.